Thursday, March 4, 2010
Leaders cambodia
Leaders Cambodia(Kingdom of Cambodia)
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Active names link to their correspondant biography at the CIDOB website.
State evolution: 12 Mar 1945: independence from France of the Kingdom of Cambodia proclaimed under Japanese occupation; 8 Nov 1949: Associated State within the French Union; 9 Nov 1953: effective independence of the Kingdom of Cambodia; 9 Oct 1970: Khmer Republic; 5 Jan 1976: Democratic Kampuchea (retaining UN recognition to 20 Nov 1991); 7 Jan 1979: People's Republic of Kampuchea (not recognized by UN); 7 Jan 1979 to 26 Sep 1989: Vietnamese occupation; 1 May 1989: State of Cambodia; 15 Mar 1992 to 26 Sep 1993: administration of the UN Transitional Authority iN Cambodia (UNTAC) 24 Sep 1993: Kingdom of Cambodia
Parties: FLNPK: Khmer People's National Liberation Front; FUNCINPEC: National United Front for an Independent, Neutral, Peaceful, and Cooperative Cambodia; FUNK: National United Front of Kampuchea (coalition of Sihanoukists and the Khmer Rouge); KPK: Cambodian People's Party; PCK: Communist Party of Kampuchea; PD: Democratic Party; PKD: Party of Democratic Kampuchea (formerly PCK); PRK: Khmer Renovation Party; PRPK: People's Revolutionary Party of Kampuchea; PSR: Social Republican Party; RNC: Cambodian National Resistance (rebel military coalition); SRN: People’s Socialist Community (Sangkum Reastr Niyum); n/p: non-party
Heads of State
Kings
Norodom Sihanouk 26 Apr 1941 - 2 Mar 1955 [picture]
Norodom Suramarit 3 Mar 1955 - 3 Apr 1960 (+) [picture]
Heads of State
Chuop Hell 3 Apr 1960 - 6 Apr 1960 (acting)
Prince Sisovath Monireth 6 Apr 1960 - 13 Jun 1960 (+1975) n/p (chairman Council of Regency)
Chuop Hell 13 Jun 1960 - 20 Jun 1960 (acting)
Prince Norodom Sihanouk 20 Jun 1960 - 18 Mar 1970 [picture] (1)
Cheng Heng 18 Mar 1970 - 10 Mar 1972 [picture] (acting to 9 Oct 1970)
Lon Nol 10 Mar 1972 - 14 Mar 1972 (+1985) [picture] military
Presidents of the Republic
Lon Nol 14 Mar 1972 - 12 Apr 1975 (+1985) [picture] military/PSR
Saukham Khoy 1 Apr 1975 - 12 Apr 1975 PSR (acting for Lon Nol)
Sak Suthsakan 12 Apr 1975 - 17 Apr 1975 military (acting)
Head of State
Prince Norodom Sihanouk 17 Apr 1975 - 11 Apr 1976 [picture] FUNK
President of the State Presidium
Khieu Samphan 11 Apr 1976 - 7 Jan 1979 [picture] PCK (Khmer Rouge)
President of the People's Revolutionary Council
Heng Samrin 7 Jan 1979 - 27 Jun 1981 [picture] PRPK
Chairmen of the Council of State
Heng Samrin 27 Jun 1981 - 6 Apr 1992 [picture] PRPK (2)
Chea Sim 6 Apr 1992 - 14 Jun 1993 [picture] PRPK
Chairman of the Supreme National Council (SNC) and head of the State
Prince Norodom Sihanouk 23 Oct 1991 - 24 sep 1993 [picture] FUNCINPEC, n/p (3)
King
Norodom Sihanouk 24 Sep 1993 - 7 Oct 2004 [picture]
Chairman of the Senate
Chea Sim 7 Oct 2004 - 14 Oct 2004 [picture] KPK (acting head of State)
King
Norodom Sihamoni 14 Oct 2004 - [picture]
(1) Queen Sisovath Monivong Kossomak Nearireath ruled together with her husband King Norodom Suramarit from 3 Mar 1955 to his death on 3 Apr 1960 as virtual co-head of State. When her son, Prince Norodom Sihanouk, ruled as chief of State (20 Jun 1960 to 18 Mar 1970), as the throne was declared vacant, she served as ceremonial head of State and Symbol of the Crown.
(2) The Council of State, supreme executive organ of the People's Republic of Kampuchea and then of the State of Cambodia, transferred powers to the Supreme National Council on 23 Oct 1991 (see below for details). On 14 Jun 1993 the elected Constituent Assembly convened and the Council of State handed over the remaining state powers, ceasing to exist.
(3) Sihanouk chaired the SNC from 16 Jul 1991, but this office was not empowered as the unique legitimate body and source of authority and sovereignty up to 23 Oct 1991, date of signing of the Comprehensive Political Settlement of the Cambodia Conflict at the Paris peace Conference. On 20 Nov 1991 Sihanouk took over in Phnom Penh with the style "head of the State" and non-partisan condition. He continued as SNC chairman to his reinstatement as reigning King on 24 Sep 1993.
Heads of Government
Prime Ministers
Norodom Sihanouk 18 Mar 1945 - 13 Aug 1945 [picture] n/p
Son Ngoc Thanh 14 Aug 1945 - 16 Oct 1945 (+1977) [picture]
Prince Sisovath Monireth 17 Oct 1945 - 15 Dec 1946 (+1975) n/p
Prince Sisovath Youtevong 15 Dec 1946 - 25 Jul 1947 (+) PD
Prince Sisovath Vatchayavong 25 Jul 1947 - 20 Feb 1948 PD
Chean Vam 20 Feb 1948 - 14 Aug 1948 PD
Penn Nouth 7 Sep 1948 - 21 Jan 1949 (+1985) PD
Yem Sambaur 12 Feb 1949 - 20 Sep 1949 PD
Ieu Koeus 20 Sep 1949 - 29 Sep 1949 (+1950) PD
Yem Sambaur 29 Sep 1949 - 28 Apr 1950 PD
Prince Norodom Sihanouk 28 Apr 1950 - 30 May 1950 [picture] n/p
Prince Sisovath Monipong 1 Jun 1950 - 3 Mar 1951 (+1956) PRK
Oum Cheang Sun 3 Mar 1951 - 12 Oct 1951
Huy Kanthoul 13 Oct 1951 - 16 Jun 1952 PD
Prince Norodom Sihanouk 16 Jun 1952 - 24 Jan 1953 [picture] n/p
Penn Nouth 24 Jan 1953 - 22 Nov 1953 (+1985) PD
Chan Nak 23 Nov 1953 - 7 Apr 1954
Prince Norodom Sihanouk 7 Apr 1954 - 18 Apr 1954 [picture] n/p
Penn Nouth 18 Apr 1954 - 26 Jan 1955 (+1985) PD
Leng Ngeth 26 Jan 1955 - 3 Oct 1955 PD
Prince Norodom Sihanouk 3 Oct 1955 - 5 Jan 1956 [picture] SRN
Oum Cheang Sun 5 Jan 1956 - 29 Feb 1956 SRN
Prince Norodom Sihanouk 1 Mar 1956 - 24 Mar 1956 [picture] SRN
Khim Tit 3 Apr 1956 - 29 Jul 1956 SRN
Prince Norodom Sihanouk 15 Sep 1956 - 15 Oct 1956 [picture] SRN
Sam Yun 25 Oct 1956 - 9 Apr 1957 SRN
Prince Norodom Sihanouk 9 Apr 1957 - 7 Jul 1957 [picture] SRN
Sim Var 26 Jul 1957 - 11 Jan 1958 (+1989) SRN
Ek Yi Oun 11 Jan 1958 - 17 Jan 1958 SRN
Penn Nouth 17 Jan 1958 - 10 Apr 1958 (+1985) SRN
Sim Var 29 Apr 1958 - 10 Jul 1958 (+1989) SRN
Prince Norodom Sihanouk 10 Jul 1958 - 19 Apr 1960 [picture] SRN
Pho Proeung 19 Apr 1960 - 28 Jan 1961 n/p
Penn Nouth 28 Jan 1961 - 17 Nov 1961 (+1985) SRN
Prince Norodom Sihanouk 17 Nov 1961 - 13 Feb 1962 [picture] SRN
Nhiek Tioulong 13 Feb 1962 - 6 Aug 1962 SRN (acting)
Chau Sen Cocsal Chum 6 Aug 1962 - 6 Oct 1962 SRN
Prince Norodom Kanthoul 6 Oct 1962 - 25 Oct 1966 SRN
Lon Nol 25 Oct 1966 - 1 May 1967 (+1985) [picture] SRN/military
Son Sann 1 May 1967 - 31 Jan 1968 (+2000) [picture] SRN
Penn Nouth 31 Jan 1968 - 14 Aug 1969 (+1985) SRN
Lon Nol 14 Aug 1969 - 6 May 1971 (+1985) [picture] SRN/military
Prince Sisovath Sirik Matak 6 May 1971 - 18 Mar 1972 (+1975)e [picture] n/p
Son Ngoc Thanh 18 Mar 1972 - 21 Mar 1972 (+1977) [picture]
Lon Nol 21 Mar 1972 - 15 Oct 1972 (+1985) [picture] PSR/military
Hang Thun Hak 15 Oct 1972 - 6 May 1973 PSR
In Tam 6 May 1973 - 9 Dec 1973 (+2006) PSR
Long Boreth 26 Dec 1973 - 17 Apr 1975 (+1975)e PSR
Penn Nouth 17 Apr 1975 - 4 Apr 1976 (+1985) FUNK
Khieu Samphan 4 Apr 1976 - 13 May 1976 [picture] PCK (Khmer Rouge)
Pol Pot 13 May 1976 - 7 Jan 1979 (+1998) [picture] PCK (Khmer Rouge)
President of the People's Revolutionary Council
Heng Samrin 7 Jan 1979 - 27 Jun 1981 [picture] PRPK
Chairmen of the Council of Ministers
Pen Sovan 27 Jun 1981 - 5 Dec 1981 [picture] PRPK
Chan Sy 5 Dec 1981 - 26 Dec 1984 (+) PRPK (acting to 9 Feb 1982)
Hun Sen 14 Jan 1985 - 2 Jul 1993 [picture] PRPK, KPK
Co-equal Prime Ministers of the Provisional National Government
Prince Norodom Ranariddh [picture] FUNCINPEC
+ Hun Sen 2 Jul 1993 - 21 Sep 1993 [picture] KPK
1st Prime Ministers of the Royal Government
Prince Norodom Ranariddh 21 Sep 1993 - 6 Jul 1997 [picture] FUNCINPEC
Ung Huot 16 Jul 1997 - 30 Nov 1998 [picture] FUNCINPEC
2nd Prime Minister of the Royal Government
Hun Sen 21 Sep 1993 - 30 Nov 1998 [picture] KPK
Prime Minister of the Royal Government
Hun Sen 30 Nov 1998 - [picture] KPK
Governments in rebellion 1) Royal Government of National Union of Kampuchea (GRUNK) (4)
Head of State
Prince Norodom Sihanouk 5 May 1970 - 17 Apr 1975 [picture] FUNK
Prime Minister
Penn Nouth 5 May 1970 - 17 Apr 1975 (+1985) FUNK
Deputy Prime Minister
Khieu Samphan 5 May 1970 - 17 Apr 1975 [picture] FUNK
2) Coalition Government of Democratic Kampuchea (GCKD) and National Government of Cambodia (GNC) (5)
President
Prince Norodom Sihanouk 22 Jun 1982 - 2 Jul 1993 [picture] FUNCINPEC/RNC
Vice President
Khieu Samphan 22 Jun 1982 - 2 Jul 1993 [picture] PKD/RNC
Prime Minister
Son Sann 22 Jun 1982 - 2 Jul 1993 (+2000) [picture] FLNPK/RNC
(4) The GRUNK stood in rebellion against the regime of the Khmer Republic and in Beijing exile to 17 Apr 1975, with the conquest of Phnom Penh by the Khmer Rouge; it continued to the proclamation of the State of Democratic Kampuchea on 5 Jan 1976.
(5) The GCKD and his successor since 3 Feb 1990, the GNC, retained the UN recognition from the previous State of Democratic Kampuchea (1976-1979).
General Secretaries of the PRPK Pen Sovan 29 May 1981 - 5 Dec 1981 [picture]
Heng Samrin 5 Dec 1981 - 30 Aug 1991 [picture]
[To the list of countries][To the ZPC Homepage]
Active names link to their correspondant biography at the CIDOB website.
State evolution: 12 Mar 1945: independence from France of the Kingdom of Cambodia proclaimed under Japanese occupation; 8 Nov 1949: Associated State within the French Union; 9 Nov 1953: effective independence of the Kingdom of Cambodia; 9 Oct 1970: Khmer Republic; 5 Jan 1976: Democratic Kampuchea (retaining UN recognition to 20 Nov 1991); 7 Jan 1979: People's Republic of Kampuchea (not recognized by UN); 7 Jan 1979 to 26 Sep 1989: Vietnamese occupation; 1 May 1989: State of Cambodia; 15 Mar 1992 to 26 Sep 1993: administration of the UN Transitional Authority iN Cambodia (UNTAC) 24 Sep 1993: Kingdom of Cambodia
Parties: FLNPK: Khmer People's National Liberation Front; FUNCINPEC: National United Front for an Independent, Neutral, Peaceful, and Cooperative Cambodia; FUNK: National United Front of Kampuchea (coalition of Sihanoukists and the Khmer Rouge); KPK: Cambodian People's Party; PCK: Communist Party of Kampuchea; PD: Democratic Party; PKD: Party of Democratic Kampuchea (formerly PCK); PRK: Khmer Renovation Party; PRPK: People's Revolutionary Party of Kampuchea; PSR: Social Republican Party; RNC: Cambodian National Resistance (rebel military coalition); SRN: People’s Socialist Community (Sangkum Reastr Niyum); n/p: non-party
Heads of State
Kings
Norodom Sihanouk 26 Apr 1941 - 2 Mar 1955 [picture]
Norodom Suramarit 3 Mar 1955 - 3 Apr 1960 (+) [picture]
Heads of State
Chuop Hell 3 Apr 1960 - 6 Apr 1960 (acting)
Prince Sisovath Monireth 6 Apr 1960 - 13 Jun 1960 (+1975) n/p (chairman Council of Regency)
Chuop Hell 13 Jun 1960 - 20 Jun 1960 (acting)
Prince Norodom Sihanouk 20 Jun 1960 - 18 Mar 1970 [picture] (1)
Cheng Heng 18 Mar 1970 - 10 Mar 1972 [picture] (acting to 9 Oct 1970)
Lon Nol 10 Mar 1972 - 14 Mar 1972 (+1985) [picture] military
Presidents of the Republic
Lon Nol 14 Mar 1972 - 12 Apr 1975 (+1985) [picture] military/PSR
Saukham Khoy 1 Apr 1975 - 12 Apr 1975 PSR (acting for Lon Nol)
Sak Suthsakan 12 Apr 1975 - 17 Apr 1975 military (acting)
Head of State
Prince Norodom Sihanouk 17 Apr 1975 - 11 Apr 1976 [picture] FUNK
President of the State Presidium
Khieu Samphan 11 Apr 1976 - 7 Jan 1979 [picture] PCK (Khmer Rouge)
President of the People's Revolutionary Council
Heng Samrin 7 Jan 1979 - 27 Jun 1981 [picture] PRPK
Chairmen of the Council of State
Heng Samrin 27 Jun 1981 - 6 Apr 1992 [picture] PRPK (2)
Chea Sim 6 Apr 1992 - 14 Jun 1993 [picture] PRPK
Chairman of the Supreme National Council (SNC) and head of the State
Prince Norodom Sihanouk 23 Oct 1991 - 24 sep 1993 [picture] FUNCINPEC, n/p (3)
King
Norodom Sihanouk 24 Sep 1993 - 7 Oct 2004 [picture]
Chairman of the Senate
Chea Sim 7 Oct 2004 - 14 Oct 2004 [picture] KPK (acting head of State)
King
Norodom Sihamoni 14 Oct 2004 - [picture]
(1) Queen Sisovath Monivong Kossomak Nearireath ruled together with her husband King Norodom Suramarit from 3 Mar 1955 to his death on 3 Apr 1960 as virtual co-head of State. When her son, Prince Norodom Sihanouk, ruled as chief of State (20 Jun 1960 to 18 Mar 1970), as the throne was declared vacant, she served as ceremonial head of State and Symbol of the Crown.
(2) The Council of State, supreme executive organ of the People's Republic of Kampuchea and then of the State of Cambodia, transferred powers to the Supreme National Council on 23 Oct 1991 (see below for details). On 14 Jun 1993 the elected Constituent Assembly convened and the Council of State handed over the remaining state powers, ceasing to exist.
(3) Sihanouk chaired the SNC from 16 Jul 1991, but this office was not empowered as the unique legitimate body and source of authority and sovereignty up to 23 Oct 1991, date of signing of the Comprehensive Political Settlement of the Cambodia Conflict at the Paris peace Conference. On 20 Nov 1991 Sihanouk took over in Phnom Penh with the style "head of the State" and non-partisan condition. He continued as SNC chairman to his reinstatement as reigning King on 24 Sep 1993.
Heads of Government
Prime Ministers
Norodom Sihanouk 18 Mar 1945 - 13 Aug 1945 [picture] n/p
Son Ngoc Thanh 14 Aug 1945 - 16 Oct 1945 (+1977) [picture]
Prince Sisovath Monireth 17 Oct 1945 - 15 Dec 1946 (+1975) n/p
Prince Sisovath Youtevong 15 Dec 1946 - 25 Jul 1947 (+) PD
Prince Sisovath Vatchayavong 25 Jul 1947 - 20 Feb 1948 PD
Chean Vam 20 Feb 1948 - 14 Aug 1948 PD
Penn Nouth 7 Sep 1948 - 21 Jan 1949 (+1985) PD
Yem Sambaur 12 Feb 1949 - 20 Sep 1949 PD
Ieu Koeus 20 Sep 1949 - 29 Sep 1949 (+1950) PD
Yem Sambaur 29 Sep 1949 - 28 Apr 1950 PD
Prince Norodom Sihanouk 28 Apr 1950 - 30 May 1950 [picture] n/p
Prince Sisovath Monipong 1 Jun 1950 - 3 Mar 1951 (+1956) PRK
Oum Cheang Sun 3 Mar 1951 - 12 Oct 1951
Huy Kanthoul 13 Oct 1951 - 16 Jun 1952 PD
Prince Norodom Sihanouk 16 Jun 1952 - 24 Jan 1953 [picture] n/p
Penn Nouth 24 Jan 1953 - 22 Nov 1953 (+1985) PD
Chan Nak 23 Nov 1953 - 7 Apr 1954
Prince Norodom Sihanouk 7 Apr 1954 - 18 Apr 1954 [picture] n/p
Penn Nouth 18 Apr 1954 - 26 Jan 1955 (+1985) PD
Leng Ngeth 26 Jan 1955 - 3 Oct 1955 PD
Prince Norodom Sihanouk 3 Oct 1955 - 5 Jan 1956 [picture] SRN
Oum Cheang Sun 5 Jan 1956 - 29 Feb 1956 SRN
Prince Norodom Sihanouk 1 Mar 1956 - 24 Mar 1956 [picture] SRN
Khim Tit 3 Apr 1956 - 29 Jul 1956 SRN
Prince Norodom Sihanouk 15 Sep 1956 - 15 Oct 1956 [picture] SRN
Sam Yun 25 Oct 1956 - 9 Apr 1957 SRN
Prince Norodom Sihanouk 9 Apr 1957 - 7 Jul 1957 [picture] SRN
Sim Var 26 Jul 1957 - 11 Jan 1958 (+1989) SRN
Ek Yi Oun 11 Jan 1958 - 17 Jan 1958 SRN
Penn Nouth 17 Jan 1958 - 10 Apr 1958 (+1985) SRN
Sim Var 29 Apr 1958 - 10 Jul 1958 (+1989) SRN
Prince Norodom Sihanouk 10 Jul 1958 - 19 Apr 1960 [picture] SRN
Pho Proeung 19 Apr 1960 - 28 Jan 1961 n/p
Penn Nouth 28 Jan 1961 - 17 Nov 1961 (+1985) SRN
Prince Norodom Sihanouk 17 Nov 1961 - 13 Feb 1962 [picture] SRN
Nhiek Tioulong 13 Feb 1962 - 6 Aug 1962 SRN (acting)
Chau Sen Cocsal Chum 6 Aug 1962 - 6 Oct 1962 SRN
Prince Norodom Kanthoul 6 Oct 1962 - 25 Oct 1966 SRN
Lon Nol 25 Oct 1966 - 1 May 1967 (+1985) [picture] SRN/military
Son Sann 1 May 1967 - 31 Jan 1968 (+2000) [picture] SRN
Penn Nouth 31 Jan 1968 - 14 Aug 1969 (+1985) SRN
Lon Nol 14 Aug 1969 - 6 May 1971 (+1985) [picture] SRN/military
Prince Sisovath Sirik Matak 6 May 1971 - 18 Mar 1972 (+1975)e [picture] n/p
Son Ngoc Thanh 18 Mar 1972 - 21 Mar 1972 (+1977) [picture]
Lon Nol 21 Mar 1972 - 15 Oct 1972 (+1985) [picture] PSR/military
Hang Thun Hak 15 Oct 1972 - 6 May 1973 PSR
In Tam 6 May 1973 - 9 Dec 1973 (+2006) PSR
Long Boreth 26 Dec 1973 - 17 Apr 1975 (+1975)e PSR
Penn Nouth 17 Apr 1975 - 4 Apr 1976 (+1985) FUNK
Khieu Samphan 4 Apr 1976 - 13 May 1976 [picture] PCK (Khmer Rouge)
Pol Pot 13 May 1976 - 7 Jan 1979 (+1998) [picture] PCK (Khmer Rouge)
President of the People's Revolutionary Council
Heng Samrin 7 Jan 1979 - 27 Jun 1981 [picture] PRPK
Chairmen of the Council of Ministers
Pen Sovan 27 Jun 1981 - 5 Dec 1981 [picture] PRPK
Chan Sy 5 Dec 1981 - 26 Dec 1984 (+) PRPK (acting to 9 Feb 1982)
Hun Sen 14 Jan 1985 - 2 Jul 1993 [picture] PRPK, KPK
Co-equal Prime Ministers of the Provisional National Government
Prince Norodom Ranariddh [picture] FUNCINPEC
+ Hun Sen 2 Jul 1993 - 21 Sep 1993 [picture] KPK
1st Prime Ministers of the Royal Government
Prince Norodom Ranariddh 21 Sep 1993 - 6 Jul 1997 [picture] FUNCINPEC
Ung Huot 16 Jul 1997 - 30 Nov 1998 [picture] FUNCINPEC
2nd Prime Minister of the Royal Government
Hun Sen 21 Sep 1993 - 30 Nov 1998 [picture] KPK
Prime Minister of the Royal Government
Hun Sen 30 Nov 1998 - [picture] KPK
Governments in rebellion 1) Royal Government of National Union of Kampuchea (GRUNK) (4)
Head of State
Prince Norodom Sihanouk 5 May 1970 - 17 Apr 1975 [picture] FUNK
Prime Minister
Penn Nouth 5 May 1970 - 17 Apr 1975 (+1985) FUNK
Deputy Prime Minister
Khieu Samphan 5 May 1970 - 17 Apr 1975 [picture] FUNK
2) Coalition Government of Democratic Kampuchea (GCKD) and National Government of Cambodia (GNC) (5)
President
Prince Norodom Sihanouk 22 Jun 1982 - 2 Jul 1993 [picture] FUNCINPEC/RNC
Vice President
Khieu Samphan 22 Jun 1982 - 2 Jul 1993 [picture] PKD/RNC
Prime Minister
Son Sann 22 Jun 1982 - 2 Jul 1993 (+2000) [picture] FLNPK/RNC
(4) The GRUNK stood in rebellion against the regime of the Khmer Republic and in Beijing exile to 17 Apr 1975, with the conquest of Phnom Penh by the Khmer Rouge; it continued to the proclamation of the State of Democratic Kampuchea on 5 Jan 1976.
(5) The GCKD and his successor since 3 Feb 1990, the GNC, retained the UN recognition from the previous State of Democratic Kampuchea (1976-1979).
General Secretaries of the PRPK Pen Sovan 29 May 1981 - 5 Dec 1981 [picture]
Heng Samrin 5 Dec 1981 - 30 Aug 1991 [picture]
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